ZIROMIN TAB.
Back to Products500 mg
| Form | Tablets |
|---|---|
| Active Substance | Azithromycin |
| Presentation | 3 tablets |
| Treatment Category | Anti-infective agents |
About the Product
COMPOSITION
1 tablet contains:
Azithromycin (as azithromycin dihydrate) — 500 mg.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
Ziromin is indicated for the treatment of the following mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:
- Upper respiratory tract and ENT infections: acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; acute otitis media; laryngitis, sinusitis, and scarlet fever.
- Lower respiratory tract infections: acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, and atypical pneumonia.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: uncomplicated skin and subcutaneous tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Surgical drainage is generally required for abscesses.
- Genital tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs): non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. These patients should undergo serological testing for syphilis and culture testing for gonorrhea during evaluation.
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): cervicitis, endometritis, and salpingo-oophoritis caused by susceptible strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Ziromin may be taken regardless of meals. However, better tolerability is observed when the tablets are taken with food.
For adults and adolescents over 16 years of age weighing more than 45 kg, the following dosage regimen is recommended:
Respiratory Tract Infections
500 mg (1 film-coated tablet) once daily for 3 days.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
500 mg (1 film-coated tablet) once daily for 3 days.
Non-gonococcal Urethritis or Cervicitis Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
A single dose of 1000 mg azithromycin (2 film-coated tablets).
Gonococcal Cervicitis and Urethritis
A single dose of 2000 mg azithromycin (4 film-coated tablets).
In elderly patients, the pharmacokinetic properties of azithromycin do not differ from those observed in younger adults; therefore, no dose adjustment is required.
DOSAGE FORM
Тablets, No. 3
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Ziromin (azithromycin) is a member of the azalide subclass of macrolide antibiotics and possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. By binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, azithromycin inhibits protein synthesis in microbial cells without affecting nucleic acid synthesis.
Azithromycin is active both in vitro and in clinical infections against the following microorganisms:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus agalactiae
Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms:
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Bordetella pertussis
- Listeria monocytogenes
Other microorganisms:
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Legionella pneumophila
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease pathogen)
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Mycobacterium avium (MAC)
Azithromycin also demonstrates activity against Toxoplasma gondii.
Its activity is not reduced in the presence of β-lactamase-producing bacteria.
Enterococcus faecalis and most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains are resistant to azithromycin.
Pharmacokinetics
Azithromycin readily crosses tissue barriers and penetrates into tissues. In the lungs, respiratory tract tissues, genitourinary system (including the prostate), skin, and soft tissues, concentrations are 10–50 times higher than those in plasma, and 24–34% higher at infection sites than in healthy tissues.
It penetrates cell membranes and is effective against intracellular pathogens. Azithromycin is transported by phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages to infection sites, where it is released during phagocytosis.
High and stable therapeutic concentrations persist in infected tissues for 5–7 days after treatment discontinuation.
Azithromycin is acid-stable and lipophilic.
The absolute bioavailability of tablets is 37%. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 0.4 mg/L is reached within 2–3 hours. The apparent volume of distribution is 31.1 L/kg.
Protein binding ranges from 7% to 50% and is inversely proportional to plasma concentration.
Administration with food increases Cmax by 23%, while AUC remains unchanged.
Azithromycin is eliminated mainly unchanged: approximately 50% in bile and 6% in urine. It undergoes hepatic demethylation, resulting in loss of activity.
Plasma clearance is 630 mL/min. The elimination half-life ranges from 34 to 68 hours.
In elderly men (65–85 years), pharmacokinetic parameters remain unchanged. In women, Cmax increases by 30–50%, whereas in children aged 1–5 years, Cmax, AUC, and elimination half-life are reduced.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
·hypersensitivity to azithromycin, any excipients of the product, or any macrolide antibiotic;
·severe hepatic impairment;
· severe renal impairment.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The frequency of adverse reactions is defined as: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), and frequency unknown.
Infections and infestations:
- uncommon: candidiasis, oral candidiasis, vaginal infection, pneumonia, fungal infections, bacterial infections, pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, respiratory disorders, rhinitis;
- frequency unknown: pseudomembranous colitis.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders:
- uncommon: leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia;
- frequency unknown: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia.
Nervous system disorders:
- common: dizziness, headache, paresthesia, taste disturbance;
- uncommon: hypoesthesia, somnolence;
- rare: syncope, seizures, psychomotor hyperactivity, anosmia, ageusia, myasthenia.
Psychiatric disorders:
- uncommon: nervousness;
- frequency unknown: agitation, anxiety, aggression.
Eye and ear disorders:
- common: visual disturbances, deafness;
- uncommon: ear disorders, hearing impairment, tinnitus;
- rare: vertigo.
Cardiovascular disorders:
- uncommon: palpitations, flushing;
- frequency unknown: arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, QT interval prolongation, torsade’s de pointes, hypotension.
Gastrointestinal disorders:
- very common: nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain or cramps;
- common: vomiting, dyspepsia;
- uncommon: gastritis, constipation, dysphagia, abdominal distension, dry mouth, eructation;
- frequency unknown: pancreatitis, tongue discoloration.
Hepatobiliary disorders:
- uncommon: hepatitis;
- frequency unknown: hepatic failure, hepatic necrosis, cholestatic jaundice.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:
- common: rash, pruritus;
- uncommon: Stevens–Johnson syndrome, photosensitivity reactions, urticaria, dermatitis, dry skin;
- rare: allergic reactions including angioedema;
- frequency unknown: toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme.
Musculoskeletal disorders:
- common: arthralgia.
Renal and urinary disorders:
- uncommon: dysuria, renal pain;
- frequency unknown: interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure.
General disorders and administration-site conditions:
- common: fatigue;
- uncommon: malaise, asthenia, edema, chest pain.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Antacids: Antacids do not affect the bioavailability of azithromycin but reduce its peak plasma concentration by approximately 25%. Ziromin should therefore be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after antacid administration.
Cetirizine: No statistically significant interaction or clinically relevant effect on QT interval was observed.
Didanosine: Concomitant administration did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of didanosine.
Digoxin: Macrolides may increase digoxin concentrations. Monitoring of serum digoxin levels is recommended.
Zidovudine: Azithromycin has little effect on zidovudine pharmacokinetics but may increase intracellular concentrations of phosphorylated zidovudine.
Cytochrome P450 system: Azithromycin has minimal interaction with cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and is neither an inhibitor nor an inducer of this enzyme system.
Ergot alkaloids: Concomitant use is not recommended due to the potential risk of ergotism.
Atorvastatin: No significant pharmacokinetic interaction has been demonstrated, although rare cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported with concurrent statin use.
Carbamazepine: No clinically significant effect on carbamazepine concentrations has been observed.
Cimetidine: No significant effect on azithromycin pharmacokinetics when administered 2 hours before azithromycin.
Indirect anticoagulants (including warfarin): Frequent monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended due to the potential enhancement of anticoagulant effects.
Cyclosporine: Azithromycin may increase cyclosporine exposure. Monitoring of cyclosporine plasma concentrations and dose adjustment may be necessary.
Fluconazole: Does not affect overall azithromycin exposure but may reduce azithromycin Cmax by approximately 18%.
Indinavir: No statistically significant pharmacokinetic interaction has been observed.
Methylprednisolone: No clinically relevant interaction has been identified.
Nelfinavir: May increase serum concentrations of azithromycin; however, dose adjustment is generally not required.
Rifabutin: No significant pharmacokinetic interaction has been observed, although neutropenia has occasionally been reported.
Sildenafil: No effect on sildenafil pharmacokinetics has been demonstrated.
Terfenadine: Although no definitive interaction has been established, concomitant use with macrolides may increase the risk of arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation.
Theophylline: No clinically significant interaction has been identified.
Triazolam and Midazolam: No significant pharmacokinetic changes have been observed.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole: No significant effect on the pharmacokinetics or excretion of either drug has been reported.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Azithromycin should not be used in patients with moderate to severe pneumonia who are not suitable for outpatient treatment, as well as in patients with the following risk factors:
- hospital-acquired infection;
- bacteremia or suspected bacteremia;
- need for hospitalization;
- elderly or debilitated patients;
- immunocompromised patients or patients with functional asplenia.
Rare cases of serious allergic reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis, have been reported during treatment with azithromycin.
Even after symptomatic treatment, recurrence of allergic reactions may occur due to the prolonged persistence of azithromycin in the body.
Ziromin may cause severe hepatic disorders, including hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, and hepatic failure, which in some cases have resulted in fatal outcomes.
Azithromycin may also cause pancreatitis, pyloric stenosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and tongue discoloration.
Treatment with azithromycin may lead to QT interval prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia of the Torsades de Pointes type. Therefore, the product should not be prescribed to patients with known or suspected long QT syndrome. The risk of developing this arrhythmia is higher in women.
Use During Pregnancy and Lactation
During pregnancy, the drug should be used only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
If treatment is required during breastfeeding, discontinuation of breastfeeding should be considered.
Pediatric Use
This dosage form is not intended for use in children and adolescents under 16 years of age with a body weight below 45 kg.
Effects on Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery
Ziromin does not affect the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery.
Storage Conditions
Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use after the expiry date stated on the package.