ZIROMIN SUSPENSION
Back to Products200 mg/5ml
| Form | Powd. for susp. |
|---|---|
| Active Substance | Azithromycin |
| Presentation | Vial 30 ml |
| Treatment Category | Anti-infective agents |
About the Product
COMPOSITION
Each 5 ml of suspension contains:
azithromycin (as azithromycin dihydrate) – 200 mg.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:
- upper respiratory tract and ENT infections (pharyngitis/tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media);
- lower respiratory tract infections (acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, including those caused by atypical pathogens);
- skin and soft tissue infections (chronic migratory erythema — early stage of Lyme disease, erysipelas, impetigo, secondary infected dermatoses);
- sexually transmitted infections (urethritis, cervicitis);
- diseases of the stomach and duodenum associated with Helicobacter pylori.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Ziromin is administered orally once daily, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
For upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ENT infections, skin and soft tissue infections: the recommended dose is 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days; the total course dose is 30 mg/kg.
Recommended dosage according to body weight:
| Body Weight | Suspension Volume per Dose |
| 10–14 kg | 2.5 ml (100 mg azithromycin) |
| 15–24 kg | 5.0 ml (200 mg azithromycin) |
| 25–34 kg | 7.5 ml (300 mg azithromycin) |
| 35–44 kg | 10.0 ml (400 mg azithromycin) |
| ≥45 kg | 12.5 ml (500 mg azithromycin) |
(equivalent to the adult dose)
For chronic migratory erythema: 20 mg/kg/day on Day 1, followed by 10 mg/kg/day from Day 2 to Day 5; total course dose: 60 mg/kg.
For gastric and duodenal diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori: 20 mg/kg body weight once daily in combination with antisecretory agents and other medicines as prescribed by a physician.
For sexually transmitted infections:
- uncomplicated urethritis/cervicitis: 10 mg/kg as a single dose;
- complicated or persistent urethritis/cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: 10 mg/kg three times at 7-day intervals (Days 1, 7, and 14).
Patients with renal impairment: no dose adjustment is required if creatinine clearance exceeds 40 ml/min.
Patients with hepatic impairment: no dose adjustment is required in moderate hepatic impairment.
Preparation of the suspension: add 15 ml of water to the bottle containing 1200 mg of azithromycin to obtain 30 ml of suspension.
The prepared suspension should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25°C for no longer than 5 days.
Shake the bottle thoroughly before each use until a homogeneous suspension is obtained.
For dosing, use the graduated oral syringe (5 ml), measuring spoon (1.25 ml, 2.5 ml, and 5 ml), or measuring cup (15 ml).
DOSAGE FORM
Рowder for preparation 200mg /5ml of 30 ml suspension.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Ziromin (azithromycin) is a representative of the macrolide antibiotic subclass known as azalides and possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. By binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, it inhibits peptidyl translocase during the translation stage and suppresses protein synthesis in microbial cells.
Active against the following microorganisms:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus agalactiae
Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms:
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Bordetella pertussis
- Listeria monocytogenes
Other microorganisms:
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Legionella pneumophila
- Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of Lyme disease)
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Mycobacterium avium (MAC)
- Toxoplasma gondii
The following microorganisms are resistant to the drug: Gram-positive microorganisms including Enterococcus faecalis and most methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus, as well as the anaerobic microorganism Bacteroides fragilis.
Pharmacokinetics
Following oral administration, bioavailability is approximately 37%. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached within 2–3 hours. The volume of distribution is 31.1 L/kg.
Plasma protein binding is inversely proportional to blood concentration and ranges from 12% to 52%.
Azithromycin penetrates cell membranes and is effective against infections caused by intracellular pathogens. It is transported by phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages to the site of infection, where it is released in the presence of bacteria.
The drug readily crosses histohematological barriers and accumulates in tissues. Tissue and cellular concentrations are approximately 50 times higher than plasma concentrations, while concentrations at the site of infection are 24–34% higher than in healthy tissues.
Azithromycin is slowly eliminated from tissues and has a prolonged elimination half-life of 2–4 days. Therapeutic concentrations persist for 5–7 days after the last dose.
Azithromycin is excreted mainly unchanged: about 50% via the intestine and 12% via the kidneys. In the liver, it undergoes demethylation and loses its activity.
In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min), the elimination half-life of azithromycin increases by approximately 33%.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
·hypersensitivity to azithromycin, other macrolide antibiotics, or any component of the product;
·severe hepatic impairment;
· severe renal impairment.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The frequency of adverse reactions is defined as follows: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), and frequency unknown (cannot be estimated from available data).
Most adverse reactions are reversible and resolve after completion of therapy or discontinuation of the drug.
Gastrointestinal disorders:
- very common: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence;
- common: vomiting;
- uncommon: constipation;
- rare: cholestatic jaundice, decreased appetite, gastritis;
- very rare: oral candidiasis.
Allergic reactions:
- common: rash, pruritus;
- uncommon: urticaria;
- rare: angioedema, anaphylactic shock.
Laboratory findings:
- common: increased eosinophil count;
- uncommon: reversible elevations of hepatic transaminases and bilirubin;
- very rare: transient neutropenia.
These parameters generally return to normal within 2–3 weeks after completion of therapy.
Cardiovascular disorders:
- uncommon: palpitations, chest pain.
Nervous system disorders:
- common: dizziness, headache, paresthesia;
- uncommon: somnolence;
- rare: vertigo;
- frequency unknown: agitation.
In children:
- common: headache (during treatment of otitis media);
- uncommon: neurosis, sleep disturbances;
- rare: hyperkinesia;
- frequency unknown: irritability, anxiety.
Genitourinary disorders:
- uncommon: vaginal candidiasis;
- frequency unknown: nephritis.
Other adverse reactions:
- uncommon: conjunctivitis, photosensitivity, increased fatigue.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Antacids do not affect the bioavailability of azithromycin but reduce its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) by 25%. Therefore, azithromycin should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after administration of antacids.
Concomitant administration with fluconazole decreases the Cmax of azithromycin by 18%.
If co-administration with cyclosporine is necessary, monitoring of blood cyclosporine levels is recommended due to the potential for a significant increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC).
When azithromycin is administered together with digoxin, serum digoxin levels should be monitored, as many macrolides increase intestinal absorption of digoxin, thereby increasing its Cmax.
Because of the risk of ergotism, azithromycin should not be used concomitantly with ergotamine or dihydroergotamine derivatives.
The concomitant use of macrolides with ergotamine or dihydroergotamine may result in toxic effects.
If concurrent use with indirect anticoagulants (coumarin-type anticoagulants, including warfarin) is required, careful monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended.
Concomitant administration of terfenadine or cisapride with macrolide antibiotics has been associated with arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation.
In rare cases, co-administration of azithromycin and rifabutin may lead to neutropenia. The mechanism and causal relationship have not been established.
When azithromycin and zidovudine are administered together, azithromycin does not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of zidovudine in plasma or the renal excretion of zidovudine and its glucuronide metabolite. However, the concentration of the active metabolite, phosphorylated zidovudine, is increased in monocytes.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible, and subsequent doses should be taken at 24-hour intervals.
Ziromin should be used with caution in patients with:
- moderate hepatic impairment;
- moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance >40 ml/min);
- arrhythmias or predisposition to arrhythmias;
- prolonged QT interval.
In patients with diabetes mellitus or those following a low-calorie diet, it should be taken into account that the suspension contains sucrose (908.3547 mg per gram of powder for suspension preparation).
Use During Pregnancy and Lactation
Ziromin should be used during pregnancy only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
If treatment is required during breastfeeding, nursing should be discontinued.
Pediatric Use
Ziromin suspension is indicated for children aged 6 months and older.
For infants younger than 6 months, azithromycin should be prescribed as a powder for oral suspension preparation with a concentration of 100 mg/5 ml.
Effects on Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery
If adverse reactions affecting the nervous system or vision occur, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles or performing activities requiring increased attention and rapid psychomotor responses.
Storage Conditions
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not use the product after the expiry date.