LOXIDOL
Back to Products15 mg
| Form | Rectal suppositories |
|---|---|
| Active Substance | Meloxicam |
| Presentation | 6 rectal suppositories |
| Treatment Category | Musculoskeletal system |
About the Product
COMPOSITION
One suppository contains:
- meloxicam — 15 mg.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
Symptomatic treatment:
- • Rheumatoid arthritis;
- • Ankylosing spondylitis.
- • Other inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases accompanied by pain.
- • Dysmenorrhea
- • Inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs (in gynecology and urology)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Loxidol is administered rectally.
Adverse reactions may be minimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms. The need for symptomatic treatment and the patient’s response should be regularly reassessed.
The recommended dose is 1 suppository once daily. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 15 mg.
Elderly patients and patients at increased risk
The recommended long-term dose in elderly patients is 7.5 mg per day. Patients at increased risk of adverse reactions should start treatment at 7.5 mg per day, using an appropriate formulation.
Renal impairment
In patients with severe renal impairment undergoing haemodialysis, the dose should not exceed 7.5 mg per day.
In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance >25 ml/min), no dose adjustment is required.
DOSAGE FORM
Rectal suppositories No. 6
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Pharmacodynamics
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
The anti-inflammatory activity of meloxicam has been demonstrated in classical models of inflammation. As with other NSAIDs, the exact mechanism of action is not fully established. One of the main mechanisms of NSAIDs, including meloxicam, is the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, which are key mediators of inflammation.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Bioequivalence between suppositories and capsules has been demonstrated. Maximum plasma concentration at steady state is reached approximately 5 hours after administration. Peak-to-trough fluctuations are similar to those observed with oral formulations.
Distribution
Meloxicam is extensively bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin (99%). It penetrates into synovial fluid, where concentrations are approximately half of those in plasma. The volume of distribution is low, approximately 11 litres, with interindividual variability of 30–40%.
Biotransformation
Meloxicam undergoes extensive hepatic biotransformation. Four pharmacologically inactive metabolites have been identified in urine. The main metabolite, 5'-carboxymeloxicam (60% of the dose), is formed via oxidation of an intermediate metabolite, 5'-hydroxymethylmeloxicam (9% of the dose). In vitro studies suggest that CYP2C9 plays a major role in this pathway, with a minor contribution from CYP3A4. Two other metabolites (16% and 4% of the dose) are likely formed via peroxidase activity.
Elimination
Meloxicam is excreted mainly as metabolites in equal amounts via faeces and urine. Less than 5% of the daily dose is excreted unchanged in faeces, and only trace amounts are detected in urine. The mean elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours. Total plasma clearance averages 8 mL/min.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
·hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients of the product;
·hypersensitivity to substances with similar action, e.g. NSAIDs or acetylsalicylic acid. Meloxicam is contraindicated in patients with asthmatic symptoms, nasal polyps, angioedema or urticaria following administration of acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs;
·history of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation related to previous NSAID therapy;
·active peptic ulcer/bleeding or recurrent peptic ulcer/bleeding history (two or more separate confirmed episodes of ulceration or bleeding);
·severe hepatic insufficiency;
·severe renal insufficiency without dialysis;
·history of gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebrovascular bleeding or other bleeding disorders;
·severe heart failure;
·proctitis and rectal bleeding;
·third trimester of pregnancy;
· children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence, diarrhoea, allergic reactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant use with acetylsalicylic acid at anti-inflammatory doses is not recommended. Co-administration with anticoagulants and heparin increases the risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet function and damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Adverse reactions may be minimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms. Meloxicam is not recommended in patients with severe pain.
If there is no improvement after several days of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the therapy should be reassessed.