CORACTIVE-WM
Back to Products100 mg / ml
| Form | Solution for injection |
|---|---|
| Active Substance | Meldonium dihydrate |
| Presentation | 10 ampules 5 ml |
| Treatment Category | General group |
About the Product
COMPOSITION
In 1 ampoule (5 ml) contains:
500 mg of meldonium dihydrate.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
As part of combination therapy in the following conditions:
- cardiovascular diseases (stable angina pectoris, chronic heart failure (NYHA functional class I–III), cardiomyopathy, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system);
- acute and chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders;
- reduced work capacity, physical and psycho-emotional overstrain;
- recovery period following cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries, and encephalitis.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Solution for intravenous administration.
Due to the possible development of a stimulating effect, it is recommended to administer the drug during the first half of the day.
Adults
Administer 500–1000 mg intravenously per day. The daily dose may be given as a single administration or divided into two administrations. The duration of treatment is usually 10–14 days, followed by a switch to an oral dosage form.
The overall treatment course is 4–6 weeks. Repeated courses may be prescribed individually 2–3 times per year.
Elderly patients
A dose reduction of meldonium may be required in elderly patients with hepatic and/or renal impairment.
Children and adolescents
There are no data on the safety and efficacy of meldonium in children and adolescents under 18 years of age; therefore, the use of this medicinal product in this population is contraindicated.
Patients with renal impairment
Patients with mild to moderate renal impairment should receive a lower dose of meldonium.
Patients with hepatic impairment
Patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment should receive a lower dose of meldonium.
DOSAGE FORM
Solution for injection 5 ml of 10 ampoules.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Meldonium is a precursor of carnitine and a structural analogue of γ-butyrobetaine in which one carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom.
Effect on Carnitine Biosynthesis
By reversibly inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase, meldonium reduces the biosynthesis of carnitine from γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and inhibits the transport of long-chain fatty acids across cell membranes, thereby preventing the accumulation of potent detergents—non-oxidized activated forms of fatty acids—within cells. As a result, damage to cell membranes is prevented.
When the concentration of carnitine decreases under ischemic conditions, β-oxidation of fatty acids is delayed, oxygen consumption in cells is optimized, glucose oxidation is stimulated, and ATP transport from its sites of biosynthesis (mitochondria) to sites of utilization (cytosol) is restored. In turn, increased biosynthesis of the carnitine precursor GBB activates nitric oxide (NO) synthase, resulting in improved blood rheological properties and reduced peripheral vascular resistance.
As the concentration of meldonium decreases, carnitine biosynthesis increases again, and the amount of fatty acids in cells is gradually restored.
It is believed that the efficacy of meldonium is associated with increased cellular tolerance to stress due to the reduction of intracellular fatty acid accumulation.
Effects on the Heart and Cardiovascular System
Animal studies have demonstrated that meldonium exerts a positive effect on myocardial contractility and possesses cardioprotective properties (including protection against alcohol- and catecholamine-induced damage). It may prevent cardiac rhythm disturbances and reduce the size of myocardial infarction.
Coronary Artery Disease (Stable Exertional Angina)
Clinical studies evaluating the use of meldonium in combination with other antianginal agents in patients with stable exertional angina have shown that the drug reduces the frequency and severity of angina attacks, as well as the consumption of glyceryl trinitrate. Meldonium demonstrates pronounced antiarrhythmic activity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ventricular extrasystoles, while a less pronounced effect has been observed in patients with supraventricular extrasystoles. The drug is also capable of reducing oxygen consumption at rest, which is considered an important criterion of effective antianginal therapy in CAD.
Meldonium favorably affects atherosclerotic processes in coronary and peripheral vessels, reducing total serum cholesterol levels and the atherogenic index.
Chronic Heart Failure
Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the role of meldonium in the treatment of chronic heart failure resulting from CAD and have demonstrated its ability to increase exercise tolerance and work capacity in patients with heart failure.
Effects on the Central Nervous System
Meldonium exhibits antihypoxic activity and improves cerebral circulation. The drug optimizes the redistribution of cerebral blood flow in favor of ischemic areas and increases neuronal resistance to hypoxia.
Efficacy in Cerebrovascular Disorders and Neurological Diseases
The effects of meldonium on the rehabilitation process of patients with neurological disorders have been studied, including those recovering from cerebrovascular diseases, brain surgery, traumatic brain injury, and tick-borne encephalitis.
Pharmacokinetic Properties
The pharmacokinetics of meldonium have been studied in healthy subjects following intravenous and oral administration.
Absorption
Following repeated intravenous administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of meldonium reached 25.50 ± 3.63 μg/mL.
Bioavailability increased in subjects with elevated Cmax, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and elimination half-life (T½), particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis and severe renal impairment. Differences in AUC following single and repeated intravenous administration suggest possible accumulation of meldonium in plasma.
Distribution
After entering the systemic circulation, meldonium is rapidly distributed to peripheral tissues and demonstrates particularly high affinity for cardiac muscle (myocardium). Plasma protein binding increases over time after administration. Meldonium and its metabolites partially cross the placental barrier. Animal studies have shown that meldonium is excreted into breast milk.
Metabolism
Meldonium is metabolized primarily in the liver.
Elimination
Renal excretion plays a significant role in the elimination of meldonium and its metabolites. Following a single intravenous administration of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg doses, the early elimination half-life of meldonium ranges from 5.56 to 6.55 hours, while the terminal elimination half-life is 15.34 hours.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
· hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients of the medicinal product;
· severe hepatic and/or renal impairment (due to insufficient safety data);
· pregnancy and breastfeeding;
· children and adolescents under 18 years of age.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Immune system disorders:
common — allergic reactions; rare — hypersensitivity, allergic dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic reactions.
Psychiatric disorders:
rare — agitation, fear, obsessive thoughts, sleep disturbances.
Nervous system disorders:
common — headache; rare — paresthesia, tremor, hypoesthesia, tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, gait disturbances, presyncope, loss of consciousness.
Cardiac disorders:
rare — cardiac rhythm disturbances, palpitations, tachycardia (including sinus tachycardia), atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, chest discomfort or chest pain.
Vascular disorders:
rare — blood pressure fluctuations, hypertensive crisis, flushing, pallor.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:
rare — throat inflammation, cough, dyspnea, apnea.
Gastrointestinal disorders:
common — dyspepsia; rare — dysgeusia (metallic taste in the mouth), decreased appetite, belching, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:
rare — rash, macular or papular eruptions, pruritus.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders:
rare — back pain, muscular weakness, muscle spasms.
Renal and urinary disorders:
rare — pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination).
General disorders and administration site conditions:
rare — general weakness, tremor, asthenia, edema, facial edema, leg edema, sensation of heat, sensation of cold, cold sweating.
Investigations:
rare — electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, changes in heart rate, eosinophilia.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Meldonium may be used in combination with long-acting nitrates and other antianginal agents for the treatment of stable angina pectoris, as well as with cardiac glycosides and diuretics for the treatment of heart failure.
Meldonium may be combined with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, antiarrhythmic drugs, and medicinal products that improve microcirculation.
Meldonium may enhance the effects of medicinal products containing glyceryl trinitrate, nifedipine, beta-blockers, other antihypertensive agents, and peripheral vasodilators.
In patients with chronic heart failure, concomitant administration of meldonium and lisinopril has demonstrated beneficial effects, including vasodilation of major arteries, improved peripheral circulation and quality of life, and reduction of physical and psychological stress.
When meldonium was used together with orotic acid to reduce ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage, an additional pharmacological effect was observed.
Concomitant administration of iron preparations and ascorbic acid with meldonium in patients with iron-deficiency anemia improved the fatty acid composition of erythrocytes.
Concomitant use of CORACTIVE-WM with other medicinal products containing meldonium is not recommended, as this may increase the risk of adverse reactions.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Patients with chronic hepatic or renal diseases should exercise caution during long-term use of the medicinal product. Monitoring of liver and/or kidney function is recommended during prolonged treatment.
Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnancy
Available animal studies are insufficient to adequately assess the effects of meldonium on pregnancy, embryonic and fetal development, parturition, and postnatal development.
The potential risk to humans is unknown; therefore, CORACTIVE-WM should not be used during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding
A risk to newborns and infants cannot be excluded; therefore, CORACTIVE-WM should not be used during breastfeeding.
Effects on Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery
There are no data indicating any adverse effect of CORACTIVE-WM on reaction time, the ability to drive vehicles, or operate machinery.