MEDROLGIN
Back to Products30 mg/ ml
| Form | Solution for injection |
|---|---|
| Active Substance | Ketorolac trometamol |
| Presentation | 5 ampules 1 ml |
| Treatment Category | Musculoskeletal system |
About the Product
COMPOSITION
Each ampoule contains:
- ketorolac trometamol 30 mg.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
Moderate to severe pain of various origins, including:
- postoperative pain;
- pain in oncological diseases.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
The solution is intended for intramuscular and intravenous administration.
Intravenous administration of Medrolgin should be given over at least 15 seconds. Intramuscular injection must be administered slowly as a deep intramuscular injection. To reduce local adverse reactions, pressure should be applied to the injection site for 15–30 seconds after administration.
Epidural and intrathecal administration is contraindicated.
The recommended dose for the management of moderate to severe acute pain in adults is:
- 60 mg intramuscularly, or
- 30 mg intravenously, every 6 hours.
The maximum daily dose must not exceed 120 mg.
For patients weighing less than 50 kg, or aged over 65 years, or with mild renal impairment, a single dose of:
- 30 mg IM or 15 mg IV is recommended.
The maximum daily dose for this group should not exceed 60 mg.
The maximum duration of treatment must not exceed 5 days.
DOSAGE FORM
Injection solution 1 ml, 5 ampoules
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Pharmacodynamics
Ketorolac trometamol is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity.
Its mechanism of action is related to non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), mainly in peripheral tissues, leading to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis — mediators of pain, inflammation, and thermoregulation.
The biological activity of ketorolac trometamol is associated with the S-enantiomer. It does not act on opioid receptors, does not depress respiration, does not cause drug dependence, and has no sedative or anxiolytic effects. Its analgesic potency is comparable to morphine and significantly stronger than other NSAIDs.
Maximum analgesic effect develops within 2–3 hours, with a duration of 4–6 hours. At analgesic doses, it also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
Pharmacokinetics
After intramuscular administration, ketorolac is rapidly and completely absorbed into systemic circulation. The mean peak plasma concentration (2.2 µg/mL) is reached approximately 50 minutes after a 30 mg IM dose.
After intravenous administration, peak plasma levels are achieved within 1–3 minutes.
Plasma protein binding is 99%.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
·history of bronchial asthma;
·pre- and perioperative period;
·severe heart failure;
·complete or partial nasal polyposis syndrome;
·angioedema or bronchospasm;
·surgical procedures with high risk of bleeding or incomplete hemostasis;
·active bleeding;
·concomitant anticoagulant therapy;
·hepatic failure;
·moderate to severe renal impairment (serum creatinine > 160 µmol/L);
·suspected or confirmed cerebrovascular bleeding;
·hemorrhagic diathesis, including coagulation disorders and high risk of bleeding;
·concomitant use of other NSAIDs (including selective COX inhibitors), acetylsalicylic acid, warfarin, pentoxifylline, probenecid, or lithium salts;
·hypovolemia;
·dehydration;
·pregnancy, labor and breastfeeding period;
· children under 16 years of age.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Gastrointestinal disorders:
peptic ulcer, perforation or gastrointestinal bleeding (sometimes fatal, especially in elderly patients), nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, hematemesis, gastritis, esophagitis, diarrhea, eructation, constipation, flatulence, gastric fullness, melena, rectal bleeding, ulcerative stomatitis, vomiting, hemorrhage, pancreatitis, exacerbation of colitis and Crohn’s disease.
Central nervous system disorders:
anxiety, visual disturbances, optic neuritis, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, increased sweating, dry mouth, nervousness, paresthesia, depression, euphoria, seizures, increased thirst, impaired concentration, insomnia, malaise, fatigue, agitation, vertigo, taste and vision disturbances, myalgia, abnormal dreams, confusion, hallucinations, hyperkinesia, hearing loss, tinnitus, aseptic meningitis with corresponding symptoms, psychotic reactions, impaired thinking.
Renal and urinary disorders:
increased urination frequency, oliguria, acute renal failure, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome, increased blood urea and creatinine, interstitial nephritis, urinary retention, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure.
Hepatic disorders:
impaired liver function, hepatitis, jaundice, hepatic failure.
Cardiovascular disorders:
flushing, bradycardia, pallor, arterial hypertension, palpitations, chest pain, edema, heart failure.
Clinical and epidemiological data suggest that use of some NSAIDs, especially at high doses and for prolonged periods, may be associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, stroke).
Respiratory disorders:
dyspnea, asthma, pulmonary edema.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders:
purpura, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic and hemolytic anemia, postoperative hemorrhage, hematomas, epistaxis, bleeding, prolonged bleeding time.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant use of ketorolac trometamol with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and acetylsalicylic acid is contraindicated due to an increased risk of adverse reactions.
Co-administration of ketorolac trometamol with oral anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, systemic heparin, and thrombolytic agents increases the risk of bleeding.
Concomitant use of ketorolac trometamol and probenecid is contraindicated.
NSAIDs increase plasma lithium concentrations by reducing renal lithium clearance. Lithium levels may reach toxic concentrations; therefore, combined use of lithium and NSAIDs is not recommended.
Concomitant use of ketorolac trometamol and pentoxifylline increases the risk of bleeding.
NSAIDs, including ketorolac, should not be administered within 8–12 days after mifepristone administration, as they may reduce its effect.
Ketorolac may reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazide diuretics. Concomitant use with diuretics increases the risk of renal failure; therefore, patients should be closely monitored for renal impairment and diuretic efficacy.
Caution is advised when NSAIDs, including ketorolac, are used concomitantly with methotrexate.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
The risk of adverse reactions can be minimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms. Combined intramuscular and oral use of ketorolac trometamol in adults should not exceed 5 days.
Ketorolac trometamol may cause serious gastrointestinal adverse reactions. The risk of clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding is dose-dependent. Additional risk factors include a history of peptic ulcer disease, concomitant use of oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants, long-term NSAID therapy, smoking, alcohol consumption, older age, and poor general health. Alternative therapy not including NSAIDs is recommended for high-risk patients.
Patients with mild renal impairment should receive low doses of ketorolac (not exceeding 60 mg/day intramuscularly). Careful monitoring of renal function is required.
Concomitant use of ketorolac in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of bleeding. Ketorolac inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time. In patients with normal hemostasis, bleeding time was increased but remained within the normal range (2–11 minutes).